Normal variants and benign conditions often misinterpreted as pathologic

Table 1. Normal variants and benign conditions often misinterpreted as pathologic.

Right atrium	Right ventricle
Chiari network	Moderator band
Eustachian valve	Muscle bundles/trabeculations
Crista terminalis	Catheters and pacemaker leads
Catheters/pacemaker leads
Lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum
Pectinate muscles
Fatty material (surrounding the tricuspid annulus)
Left atrium	Left ventricle
Suture line following transplant	False chords
Fossa ovalis	Papillary muscles
Calcified mitral annulus	Left ventricle trabeculations
Coronary sinus
Ridge between LUPV and LAA
Lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum
Pectinate muscles
Transverse sinus
Aorta
Brachiocephalic vein
Innominate vein
Pleural effusion

LAA, left atrial appendages; LUPV, left upper pulmonary vein.

Reproduced with permission of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins from Feigenbaum et al. Feigenbaum’s echocardiography. 6^th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. 701 (Table 21.1).

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